Picking Fights over Strangers over Small Indignities...

In the short story, â€Å"King Curtis’s Echo†, by Max Thayer, the author mostly focuses on his revelation that in the spirit of self-preservation, picking fights with strangers over small indignities, is a bad idea and can have fatal consequences. He does not bring to light the other obvious point in his tale: possessing people skills to begin could have prevented the situation altogether. A little tact, patience, and forethought would have gone a long way in sparing the author the plethora of indignities that he ultimately brought upon himself. Approaching the deli patron with a little finesse would clearly have helped Max Thayer’s cause, but it is obvious that he does not possess such character†¦show more content†¦If Thayer had thought about what sort of out come he wanted before he left his home perhaps there wouldn’t have been further obscenities exchanged over something as inconsequential as a parking space. He shows the reader that he is reacting to every little nuance this man projects, â€Å"He smirked when we passed each other.† And, â€Å"Our eyes met as he smirked again.† Thayer is highly reactive, a loose canon, and since he does not notice this, it leads the reader to believe that he may not notice more of his own character flaws. Such as, that the author’s self-righteousness is preventing him from being aware that he could be unfairly judging this stranger with his own prejudices. Thayer has never met this man, yet has made several assumptions about his character based on his physical appearance, â€Å"†¦ fit and full of himself, nonchalantly waved off the appeal and sauntered around the corner†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Having forethought and social grace could have really helped Thayer’s cause, but he never picks up on this. Stepping back, taking a breath or two, and having patience for other people would surely have been an asset to this exchange. After he felt antagonized too easily by the man’s response that he, â€Å"calm down†, he could have taken that for an astute observation and realized that perhaps the

The Everlasting Bond between a Mother and a Daughter Essay

Nothing is more enduring than a mother- daughter relationship. This bond is specifically explored in the books, The Battle Hymn of a Tiger Mother by Amy Chua and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Authors of these books precisely show the complexity of this type of relationship. Chua and Tan show the reader how a mother and daughter can hurt one other but ultimately forgiveness finds its way through. The similarities in these books include the difficulty of communication between the mother and daughter and their sacrifices for love. The difference between these books is the mothers’ outlooks of the role women play in society. The Battle Hymn of a Tiger Mother and The Joy Luck Club both demonstrate the barriers that exist between the mothers†¦show more content†¦Sophia always impressed anyone that heard her play the violin. Yet again, Chua was not surprised because she knew all along that her daughter had the ability and potential to exceed in the performing arts. In The Joy Luck Club, Waverly Jong is having a hard time telling her mother that she is going to marry a man named Rich. This is because Waverly believes that her mother does not think anyone is good for anything. After pondering and worrying, Waverly realizes that she must tell her mother that she is getting married. Waverly storms into her mother’s house and finds her mother sleeping on a couch. Waverly confesses that she will marry Rich because she loves him. During this confession, Waverly expresses to her mother how she really feels about her. Her mother is horrified of Waverly’s views on her and becomes upset. There h as been a misunderstanding. Waverly stared into her mother’s eyes and realized that she is just an old crabby woman who has waited for Waverly to invite her in and talk to her like a normal daughter would talk to her mother. Both books contain feelings held in and not expressed. These are sole reasons for the problems between the mothers and the daughters. In both books, there is a sense of selflessness portrayed. In The Joy Luck Club, Ann- Mei’s mother killed herself to ensure her daughter’s future happiness. Ann- Mei’s mother was a fourth wife and was not respected. She knew that her daughter would notShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Joy Luck Club 1700 Words   |  7 PagesWang. Both modes of interpretation show how the mothers help their daughters solve their problems by explaining the formers’ pasts. However, while the book leaves each of the daughters’ stories open ended, the film boldly creates a ‘happy ever after’ ending for the daughters. In both the movie and book, there are powerful bonds between the mothers and daughters. As shown by these examples, there are many similarities as well as differences between the movie and the book The Joy Luck Club, but bothRead MoreHow Parental Involvement Is Not Income Or Social Status? Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities were held previously and showed great success. Many of these activities are aimed at relationships and family bonding. Our current activities encourage relationships between father and daughter, mother and son, grandparents, as well as mother and daughter. The missing component is an activity that emphasizes the bond between father and son. This is why I am proposing that our Parental Involvement Committee includes a father and son sports night in their future plans. My proposed activity willRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1185 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica. After losing everything in China, Jing-mei’s mother, Mrs. Woo, tries as a minority house maid in the 1960s to provide all the opportunities she can for her last daughter. This short story revolves around the interactions between the Jing-mei, who desires a ordinary life, and Mrs. Woo, who seeks only the best from her daughter. The values of these two characters are in constant conflict of which creates a lasting seg regation between parent and child. Through Mrs. Woo’s death, Jing-mei questionsRead MoreThemes Of The Book Thief920 Words   |  4 Pagesportrays themes of love and friendship as Liesel overcomes the loss of her brother and being abandoned by her birth mother growing to love her foster family. The theme of love is shown right from the beginning of the text. When Liesel first arrives at Himmel Street to live with her new family she is reluctant to warm up with her new family,wanting desperately to return to her birth mother. She also starts suffering from nightmares of her dead brother grieving for her loss, she wakes up screaming everyRead MoreThe Attachment Theory and Factors Damaging to Attachment1163 Words   |  5 Pagesthrive in an often harsh world. Constructing lasting and fulfilling relationships is an integral part to development as the interpersonal bonds forged are not only highly sought after but also set the ground work for all upcoming expressive interactions. Relationships and attachment go hand in hand as attachment is the strong and lasting linkage established between a child and his or her caregiver. Moreover, attachment significantly influences a large capacity of ones make up as it these first relationshipsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet, Prince Of Denm ark, By William Shakespeare917 Words   |  4 Pagesman to man battle. â€Å"†¦Lost by his father, with all bonds of law, to our most valiant brother.† (Act 1, Scene 2; lines 24-25). King Hamlet is entitled to the land that was taken over by Fortinbras because it was printed in a secure compact. Polonius has been a confidant to the king, and was Laertes and Ophelia father. He was inquisitive and egotistic man, he did not have trust in his children, and at one point in the play, and he used his daughter to investigate Hamlet. Polonius was killed by HamletRead MoreThe Importance Of Love In Crooked River Burning1388 Words   |  6 Pagestogether no matter what obstacles they have to face. The love between the two is so strong that nothing can make them forget. In Crooked River Burning by Mark Winegardner, David and Anne are star-crossed lovers because of the love they have for each that will never be forgotten. David has a more complicated background then most. He was raised by his uncle Stan and his Aunt Betty. Mikey Z, David’s real father wanted nothing to do with him. His Mother decided to leave him and go to California and eventuallyRead MoreThe Red Convertible1631 Words   |  7 Pages Memorable moments last a lifetime within the heart and often encourage new memories to be made to be just as everlasting. Life often gives the individual an array of events followed by a variety of emotions and lasting event but it is not always as delightful as the ones that make a last impression. â€Å"The Red Convertible† is about the memorable moments that the Lamartine brothers share together based on their pride for their red convertible. The shared love for the red convertible inspired the lastingRead MoreThe Time Of Cholera, By Florentino Ariza1324 Words   |  6 PagesFermina until he can no longer see her as anything other than his â€Å"crowned goddess.† At Dr. Urbinoâ €™s funeral, Florentino confesses that â€Å"I have waited for this opportunity for more than half a century, to repeat to you my vow of eternal fidelity and everlasting love† (Mà ¡rquez 50). Despite the love he professes, Florentino fails to recognize Fermina as anything more than an object upon which he has placed a lifetime’s worth of longing. Fermina’s perception of Florentino matures as she ages, allowing herRead MoreEssay on The Irish Countryman by Arensberg1392 Words   |  6 PagesMatchmaking marriage was the most respectable. Most women either didnt get married at all or got married very late. The process of marriage was very intricate and involved. The females parents are very particular when choosing who their daughter is going to marry. They make sure he comes from a good family and that he is going to inherit a lot of land in order to gain status to the family. On the other hand, the man is more concerned with the level of intelligence that the

Analysis Of Wood Waste At Attwood Bay Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

After reexamining the ROV and SCUBA transect informations, it is clear that there have been important impacts to the Marine environment caused by the lacrimation of wood at Attwood Bay. This was evidenced by the comparative volumes and distributions of wood waste nowadays on the ocean floor during the 2006 and 2009 site studies. Datas collected from the 2006 ROV and 2009 SCUBA site studies indicated that the sum of wood waste accumulated at this site has increased since the initial site visit. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of Wood Waste At Attwood Bay Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A greater proportion of the substrate was seeable during the 2006 study as compared to the 2009 picture footage where much of the substrate was wholly covered with wood waste and accordingly its composing could non be determined. This site exhibited low species diverseness and copiousness, in 2006 and 2009 as compared with unimpacted sites. It is good documented that accretions of bark and other woody dust on the ocean floor negatively impacts benthal infaunal and epifaunal diverseness and copiousness ( Kirkpatrick et.al 1998, Pease, 1974, Conlan, K.E. and Ellis, D.V. , 1979. and Jackson, R.G. 1986 ) . Wood waste negatively impacts benthal communities as it is known to leach potentially toxic organic compounds into the H2O, has a high biological O demand and can surround benthal ( peculiarly infaunal ) communities ( Pease, 1974 ) . The exact nature and impacts of wood waste leachates is non to the full understood, nevertheless these lignin-based substances are known to precipitate o ut in sea H2O, and believed to settle on and negatively impact benthal home grounds ( Duval, 1980 ) . Areas of bark accretion have been found to hold a higher biological O demand than environing deposits whereby take downing the dissolved O content of the superimposed H2O ( Pease, 1974 and Picard, 2002 ) . Many benthal invertebrates ( peculiarly infaunal ) are unable to last in anoxic conditions and therefore are good indexs of alterations in benthal home ground conditions ( Pease, 1974 and Samis et.al. , 1999 ) . Additionally, wood waste that accumulates on the ocean floor clutters benthic infaunal marine life ( peculiarly pelecypods ) whereby cut downing the populations of quarry species available to larger benthal marauders such as pediculosis pubiss etc. ( Picard, 2003 ) . The deficiency of pelecypods and other seeable infaunal beings ( with the exclusion of tube-dwelling windflowers ) at this site is to be expected given the sum of wood waste screen. A uninterrupted bed of wood waste hinders the colony and enlisting of many benthal beings and can cut down critical shoal nearshore habitat utilised for rise uping juveniles. ( Samis et.al,1999 ) . Many of the species observed in the study pictures were known to be more resilient to wood dust, viz. sea Cucumis sativuss ( Parastichopus californicus ) , assorted sea stars ( viz. Pycnopodia helianthoides ) , brickle stars ( Ophiuoroidea ) and assorted fish species ( Kirkpatrick et.al. 1998 ) . These species are motile and are hence less easy smo thered by wood waste accretions and are by and large suspension feeders ( brickle stars ) or detritivores and hence do non trust on a healthy infaunal community for nutrient. It is believed that sea cucumbers ( Parastichopus californicus ) provender on the abundant bug populations populating the bed of wood waste, and Sun stars are general marauders known to feed on sea Cucumis sativuss ( University of Michigan Museum of Biology, 2009 ) . As good, the high frequence of ascertained elephantine swimming sea slug ( Dendronotus flag ) was sensible given that they feed on the tentacles of the tubing brooding windflower ( Pachycerianthus fimbriatus ) and layer their eggs on the tubing. Overall the species copiousness and diverseness at this site was significantly less than comparable home grounds non impacted by logging activities. Reduced available O, coupled with potentially toxic leachates and the surrounding consequence of thick dust screen explains why a decrease in species diversene ss and population complexness is observed in countries where water-based logging has occurred, including the Attwood Bay log shit site. Past site appraisals conducted for BCTS have shown that deep-water home grounds are by and large the most to a great extent impacted by accretions of bark and other woody dust. Attwood is no exclusion, despite the fact that the shit is comparatively shallow, the impacts of wood waste have still been found to increase with depth ( Figure 5 ) . Severe impacts were found throughout the site get downing between -4 to -6m deepness and go oning beyond the furthest extent of the SCUBA transects. Datas collected from the ROV study showed these impacts widening to ( and probably beyond ) -50m deepness. Based on these observations, and observations at similar log shit sites where impacts to habitat addition with deepness, it is expected that terrible impacts at this site besides continue into deeper H2O. Although unimpacted deep-water home grounds frequently exhibit lower species diverseness and copiousnesss than shallow-water home grounds due to cut down light incursion and primary productive ness ; the species copiousness in deeper countries at this site is still less than one would anticipate to happen in countries which have non been impacted by wood lacrimation activities. Wood waste is transported in the Marine environment by moving ridges, air current and currents and frequently deposited in deep H2O countries ( Kirkpatrick et.al. 1998 ) . Conveyance of woody dust to deeper countries expands the impact country from shallower to deeper H2O. This site is non known to see important current flow and hence reduced current and tidal flushing in deeper countries has resulted in the accretion of beds of wood waste making a smothering cover over the sea floor. The slow dislocation of this deposited wood waste is besides expected to hold increased anoxic conditions for benthal beings, cut downing species diverseness and copiousness. Picard et Al. identified that impacts of wood waste can last many decennaries and even centuries ( 2003 ) . The possible exists for the deep H2O home ground impacts observed in Attwood Bay to be long permanent as these terrible impacts were observed even in 2006 after 7 old ages of inaction at the site ( Price, 2007 ) . Pulling decisions on whether or non a site is showing marks of recovery is a cardinal outlook of the appraisal procedure. While this piece of information is built-in towards decision-making, A ; acirc ; ˆ?recovery A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ has yet to be defined due to the limited sum of scientific information available. At present, the criterion technique for log shit appraisals incorporates merely the aggregation of macro-epifaunal information ( i.e. SCUBA and ROV picture footage and still snap ) . While this information has the ability to talk to the more obvious alterations in home ground and recovery, in the absence of more infaunal sampling ( i.e. testing sediment nucleuss for the presence of juvenile pelecypods, polychetes, and other index species ) , decisions drawn on the true province of recovery are limited. Get downing to concentrate more attempt on measuring the infaunal community at a historical log shit site may work to better our apprehension of recovery and final ly consequence in better direction procedures. How to cite Analysis Of Wood Waste At Attwood Bay Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Wireless Communication Assignment free essay sample

A study conducted by US National Cancer Institute found that employees in seven industries in eastern US who were exposed to microwave signals at workplace for about 20 years experienced a ten fold increase in brain tumors [2]. FCCs official position FCC claims that EMR exposure on ground level from base stations is safe. Cellular and Personal Communications Service (PCS) base stations in the US are required to comply with the RFR limits that are recommended by expert organizations and government agencies responsible for health and safety. Also when antennas are mounted on rooftops, the Radio Frequency (RF) exposure levels on the roofs are higher than those on the ground. However, FCC states that unsafe RF level would be encountered only if the person is very close to or directly in front of the antenna. FCC admits that it is not able to monitor the emissions from all the transmitters that are under the FCC jurisprudence. However, it does have measurement instrumentation for evaluating RF levels in areas that may be accessible to the public or workers. It also conducts an investigation if there is enough evidence to indicate a lack of compliance with the FCC laws [3]. The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) Guidelines on permissible radiation levels, released in August 1998, are based on international standards developed to minimize the possible impact of radiation on health. The MCMC continues to monitor the latest safety standards recommended by world organizations such as the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure that the guidelines adopted for Malaysia remain current [4]. Cellular System Infrastructure Infrastructure-based wireless networks have base stations, also called access points, deployed throughout a given area. These base stations provide access for mobile terminals to a backbone wired network. Network control functions are performed by the base stations, and often the base stations are connected together to facilitate coordinated control. This infrastructure is in contrast to ad hoc wireless networks, described in Chapter 16, which have no backbone infrastructure. Examples of infrastructure-based wireless networks include cellular phone systems, wireless LANs, and paging systems. Base station coordination in infrastructure-based networks provides a centralized control mechanism for transmission scheduling, dynamic resource allocation, power control, and handoff. As such, it can more efficiently utilize network resources to meet the performance requirements of individual users. Moreover, most networks with infrastructure are designed so that mobile terminals transmit directly to a base station, with no multihop routing through intermediate wireless nodes. In general these single-hop routes have lower delay and loss, higher data rates, and more flexibility than multihop routes. For these reasons, the performance of infrastructure-based wireless networks tends to be much better than in networks without infrastructure. However, it is sometimes more expensive or simply not feasible or practical to deploy infrastructure, in which case ad hoc wireless networks are the best option despite their typically inferior performance [5]. Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA) In frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), the available bandwidth is divided into frequency bands. Each station is allocated a band to send its data. In other words, each band is reserved for a specific station, and it belongs to the station all the time. Each station also uses a band pass filter to confine the transmitter frequencies. To prevent station interferences, the allocated bands are separated from one another by small guard bands [6]. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) In time-division multiple access (TDMA), the stations share the bandwidth of the channel in time. Each station is allocated a time slot during which it can send data. Each station transmits its data in is assigned time slot. The main problem with TDMA lies in achieving synchronization between the different stations. Each station needs to know the beginning of its slot and the location of its slot. This may be difficult because of propagation delays introduced in the system if the stations are spread over a large area. To compensate for the delays, we can insert guard times. Synchronization is normally accomplished by having some synchronization bits (normally referred to as preamble bits) at the beginning of each slot [6]. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Code-division multiple access (CDMA) was conceived several decades ago. Recent advances in electronic technology have finally made its implementation possible. CDMA differs from FDMA because only one channel occupies the entire bandwidth of the link. It differs from TDMA because all stations can send data simultaneously; there is no timesharing [6]. Advantages FDMA CDMA TDMA N stations can transmit in parallel . There is no need for time synchronization between the N transmitters All terminals can use the same frequency, no planning needed Huge code space (e. g. 232) compared to frequency space Interferences (e. g. white noise) is not coded  forward error correction and encryption can be easily integrated It is easier to achieve asymmetric bandwidth assignments in TDMA than in FDMA: using multiple time-slots is much simpler than transmitting on multiple frequencies in parallel TDMA tends to have better transmission delays than FDMA can be easily derived from simple queuing theory The protocol does not require tunable receivers Disadvantages FDMA CDMA TDMA Need for tunable transmitters and receivers =) increased complexity A station gets the bandwidth of only one channel – when more is wanted multiple transceivers are required If one station does not transmit, its sub-channel cannot be used by other stations – this prevents statistical multiplexing Tight time-synchronization between stations required High expected access delay even in otherwise idle systems Higher complexity of a receiver (receiver cannot just listen into the Medium and start receiving if there is a signal) all signals should have the same strength at a receiver Types of Antenna Omni-directional antennas The omnidirectional antenna radiates or receives equally well in all directions. It is also called the non-directional antenna because it does not favor any particular direction. An omnidirectional antenna has four cardinal signals. This type of pattern is commonly associated with verticals, ground planes and other antenna types in which the radiator element is vertical with respect to the Earths surface. The omnidirectional characteristics of radio waves make them useful for multicasting, in which there is one sender but many receivers. AM and FM radio, television, maritime radio, cordless phones, and paging are example of multicasting [7]. Directional Antennas Directional Antennas are designed for use on point-to-point links, or as client antenna in point-to-multipoint applications. Usually, they have the narrowest possible beamwidth and significantly higher gain than other antenna types. Essential rule to be applied is the higher the gain, the lower the beamwidth. Directional Antennas are usually constructed in form of grid or parabolic dish antennas [8]. Unidirectional Antennas Microwaves are unidirectional. When an antenna transmits microwave waves, they can be narrowly focused. This means that the sending and receiving antennas need to be aligned. The unidirectional property has an obvious advantage. A pair of antennas can be aligned without interfering with another pair of aligned antennas [6]. They are used in cellular phones, satellite network, and wireless LANs. Adaptive array In the last fifty years, extensive studies have been carried out worldwide in the field of adaptive array systems. However, far from being a mature technology with little research left to tackle, there is seemingly unlimited scope to develop the fundamental characteristics and applications of adaptive antennas for future 3G and 4G mobile communications systems, ultra wideband wireless and satellite and navigation systems, and this informative text shows you how! 1. Provides an accessible resource on adaptive array fundamentals as well as coverage of adaptive algorithms and advanced topics 2. Analyses the performance of various wideband beam forming techniques in wideband array processing 3. Comprehensively covers implementation issues related to such elements as circular arrays, channel modeling and transmit beam forming, highlighting the challenges facing a designer during the development phase 4. Supports practical implementation considerations with detailed case studies on wideband arrays, radar, sonar and biomedical imaging, terrestrial wireless systems and satellite communication systems 5. Includes examples and problems throughout to aid understanding 6. Companion website features Solutions Manual, Mat lab Programs and Electronic versions of some figures Adaptive Array Systems is essential reading for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in the field of adaptive array systems. It will also have instant appeal to engineers and designers in industry engaged in developing and deploying the technology. This volume will also be invaluable to those working in radar, sonar and bio-medical applications [9]. Advantages 1. Both beam smart and adaptive arrays provide high efficiency and thus high power for the desired signal. When a large number of antenna elements are used at a higher frequency, Beam Smart antennas use narrow pencil beams. Thus high efficiency is obtained in the direction of the desired signal. If a fixed number of antenna elements are used the same amount times the power gain will be produced with the help of adaptive array antennas. 2. Another advantage is in the amount of interference that is suppressed. Beam smart antennas suppress it with the narrow beam and adaptive array antennas suppress the interference by adjusting the beam pattern. Disadvantages Cost The cost of such a device will be more, not only in the electronics section, but also in the power. That is the device is way too expensive [especially if MIMO methods are used. ], and will also decrease the life of battery of mobiles. The receiver chains that are used must be reduced in order to reduce the cost. Also the costs rise up due to the RF electronics and A/D converter used for each antenna. Size For this method to be efficient large base stations are needed. This will increase the size. Apart from this multiple external antennas are needed on each terminal. This is not practical. But companies re trying methods like dual polarization to reduce the size. Diversity When multiple mitigation is needed, diversity becomes a big problem. The terminals and base stations must have multiple antennas. There are mainly three types of diversities. They are spatial, polarization, and angle. Spatial separation of the antennas that are used is practically impossible when it is applied on mobile phones. It is also difficult to be achieved in point-to-point systems where a near line-of-sight exists between the transmitter and receiver. By using polarized diversity, the above problem can be avoided to a certain point. Dual polarization can be easily instigated without the use of spatial separation. Angular diversity is the most commonly used method nowadays. The signals, which have the maximum signal power, are selected from multiple beams and are used to maintain diversity. But the gain depends on the angular spread. That is, if the spread is small, the diversity will also be small. †¢Tracking †¢Spatial-temporal processing †¢Hooks in international †¢Standards to include provisions for smart antennas. Vertical integration 4th Generation A descendant to 2G and 3G technologies aiming to provide the very high data transfer rates. 4G technology provides very speedy wireless Internet access to not only stationary users but also to the mobile users. This technology is expected to trounce the deficiencies of 3G technology in terms of speed and quality. 4G can be best described in one word â€Å"MAGIC†, which stands for Mobile multimedia Anytime Anywhere Global mobility support, integrated wireless and personalized services. Technology used in 4G 4G is a multipurpose and versatile technology hence it can utilize almost the entire packet switched technologies. It can use both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). OFDM mechanism splits a digital signal into different narrowband and frequencies. The reason why 4G make use of this technology lies in its ability to minimize the intervention among symbols and channels associated to data streaming. 4G is also capable of using multiple inputs / multiple output technology (MIMO). This antenna technology is used to optimize the data speed and reduce the errors in the networks. Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS), which is basically a broadband 3G technology, is also a part of 4G. This broadband technology transfers data in the form of frames or packets. Hence it is capable of carrying voice, video, text and other types of multimedia datagram with the speed of 2Mb. UMTS is part of 4G because it can enables 4G to make use of international mobile phone roaming via using GSM (Global system for Mobile Communications). Another wireless telecommunication technology known as time division synchronous code division multiple accesses (TD-SCDMA) provide support to 4G to transfer both circuit switched data like video and voice and packet switched data [10]. During my research on the Internet and other resources, I found out that 4th generation network is still growing and was only available very few places. At the moment they cover Bandar Sunway, Shah Alam, Putrajaya, Danau Kota, Jalan Imbi, Jalan Pudu, Bangsar, Jalan Tun Razak, KLCC, Subang.